The Alien Life Park

Prokaryotes are the single-celled organisms, such as bacteria, about one micrometer in diameter. Unlike Eukoryotes, prokaryotes do not have a nucleus that houses its genetic material. Rather, the genetic material of a prokaryote cell consists of a large DNA molecule compacted in an area of cytoplasm called the nucleiod region. The nucleoid region is protected and encased by the cell wall, or cell membrane, the outer layering of the cell finally, a flagellum, a rudder-like device, giving it the ability to move about.

Archaea are groups of an organism who lacks a nucleolus and has a single chromosome. All are strict anaerobes, that is, they are killed by oxygen. This is thought to be a primitive condition and to indicate that Archaea are related to the earliest life forms, which appeared about 4 billion years ago, when there was little oxygen in the Earth's atmosphere. They are found in undersea vents, hot springs, the Dead Sea, and salt pans, and have even adapted to refuse tips.

Oceanographers explore the deeps and study the formations of the ocean floors. The trenches have lengths of thousands of kilometers, are generally hundreds of kilometers wide, and extend 3 to 4 km deeper than the surrounding ocean floor. The deep ocean floor begins at the seaward edge of the continental rise or marginal trench, if one is present, and extends seaward to the base of the underwater mid-ocean mountains. One of the most significant features of the ocean basins is the mid-ocean ridge. First discovered in the Atlantic Ocean on the Challenger expedition, its relief features were further investigated during the German Meteor expedition of 1925–26. By the early 1960s it had been confirmed that the Mid-Atlantic Ridge was only part of a continuous feature that extended 55,000 km (34,000 mi) through the Atlantic, Indian, South Pacific, and Arctic oceans. The ridge is a broad bulge in the ocean floor that rises 1 to 3 km (0.6–2 mi) above the adjacent abyssal plains.

Eubacteria is a group of bacteria thought to have evolved more recently than the archaebacteria. Biologists separate the bacteria into two groups that differ in the composition of their cell walls and cell membranes and in the structure of some of their proteins. Because the differences between these two groups are so great, it is likely that they diverged early in the history of life. One group is the eubacteria, or "true bacteria" the most common bacteria today. Most living bacteria, including those that cause disease and decay, are eubacteria. Eukaryotic cells contain mitochondria and chloroplast, which are probably descendants of ancient eubacteria.

Stromalites are one of the oldest fossils, most of which are 3.5 billion years old. Their structure are formed by huge colonies of cyanobacteria, known as bluegreen algae. Stromatolites are formed by prokaryotic cyanobacteria, which have cells lacking a distinct nucleus. These bacteria thrive in extreme environments due to their relative lack of complexity. Stamotolites are called “living rocks,” these rocks may seems as huge boulders scattered , but they’re actually algae accomponied by a collection of particals creating layers, living up to thousands of years. Because stromatolites take so long to develop, a reasonably sized specimen can represent thousands of years of growth.

Cyanobacteria also known as blue green algae are photosynthetic bacteria that contains chlorophyll.For many years they have been classified under the kingdom of algae, but discoveries showed the possibilities of a new biomedical techniques showing that they’re more closely related to bacteria than plants. So they are now placed in the kingdom Monera. Depending the type of species, is what determines the color, like being red, which is sid to have given the Red sea its name.Nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria need only nitrogen and carbon dioxide to
live.

Protozoa are almost as widely distributed as bacteria. Free-living types occur in soil, wet sand, and in fresh, brackish, and salt waters. Protozoa of the soil and sand live in films of moisture on the particles. Habitats of endoparasites vary. Some are intracellular, such as malarial parasites in vertebrates, which are typical Coccidia in most of the cycle. Other parasites, such as Entamoeba histolytica, invade tissues but not individual cells. Most trypanosomes live in the blood plasma of vertebrate hosts. Many other parasites live in the lumen of the digestive tract or sometimes in coelomic cavities of invertebrates, as do certain gregarines. Protozoa range in size from 1 to 106 micrometers. Colonies are known in flagellates, ciliates, and Sarcodina. Although marked differentiation of the reproductive and somatic zooids characterizes certain colonies, such as Volvox, Protozoa have not developed tissues and organs.

Malaria is common in Africa, Central and South America, the Mediterranean countries, Asia, and many of the Pacific islands. The primary causal organism, Plasmodium falciparum, requires both the Anopheles mosquito and humans to complete its life cycle: sexual reproduction of the protozoan occurs in the mosquito; an immature form is then transmitted to the human by the bite of the mosquito. In a person the parasite goes to the liver, replicates, and moves into the bloodstream, where it attacks red blood cells for their hemoglobin. Some of the plasmodia become sexually mature and are transmitted back to another biting mosquito. Three other Plasmodium species also infect humans.

Forams are single-celled amoeboid protists. The principal characteristics are threadlike bearing granules that reveal constant bidirectional streaming of the cytoplasm, life history characterized by an alteration of sexual and asexual generations with meiosis associated with the asexual and the presence of a shell or test. The Some foraminifera have lost the test; the existence of a naked foraminiferal progenitor has not yet been identified Forams are abundant all over the ocean. They live either on the sea bottom or a float in the upper waters, planktonic. There’s an estimate of 4000 species living, 40 are planktonic. Their size ranges from 0.05 mm to 0.5 mm, although some may be larger

Parameciums are unicellular organisms of the genus Paramecium, paramecia was previously considered a one celled animal and now is customairly paced in the kingdom Protista. parameciums have a stiff outer covering that gives it a permanent slipper shape.The paramecium has an external oral groove lined with cilia and leading to a mouth pore and gullet,food, such as bacteria is digested in food vacuoles. There are also an anal pore, two contractile vacuoles that regulate the water content of the cell, and two nuclei. The larger nucleus, or macronucleus, is thought to regulate most cell functions, while the smaller nucleus, or micronucleus, is involved in reproduction. Paramecia usually reproduce asexually by cell division but can also exchange genetic information by a process called conjugation, in which two individuals unite at the oral grooves and exchange micronuclei that serve as little packages of DNA, after which the cells divide, yielding daughter cells with DNA from each of the parents.

Algae is a large, diverse group of plant like organisms. Aside from plants they lacktrue roots, stems, leaves and flowers. Algae have chlorophyll and can manufacture their own food through the process of photosynthesis. They are distributed worldwide in the sea, in freshwater, and in moist situations on land. Nearly all seaweeds are marine algae. Algae that thrive in polluted water, some of which are toxic, can overmultiply, resulting in an algal bloom and seriously unbalancing their ecosystem.

Giant Kelps grow three to five inches a day, held up by gas filled bladdersat the base of leaf like blades, kelp fronds grow straight up.. Giant kelp often grows in turbulent water, which brings renewed supplies of nutrients, allowing the plants to grow to a possible height of 175 feet. The stemlike stipes is tough but flexible, allowing the kelp to sway in ocean currents. Unlike a proper root system, the holdfast , a coneshaped mass of branching extensions called haptera, which doesn’t carry nutrients or water; it anchors the kelp to a rock.

Red also known as an algal bloom is an event in which estuarine, marine, or fresh water algae accumulate rapidly in the water column. These algae, more specifically phytoplankton, are single-celled protists, plant-like organisms that can form dense, visible patches near the water's surface. Certain species of phytoplankton contain photosynthetic pigments that vary in colour from green to brown to red. When the algae are present in high concentrations, the water appears to be discoloured or murky, varying in colour from purple to almost pink, normally being red or green. Some red tides are associated with the production of natural toxins, depletion of dissolved oxygen or other harmful impacts, and are generally described as harmful algal blooms.

Diatoms are unicellular eukaryotes that are microscopic in appearance. Diatoms can form small colonies, and filaments have been seen to measure over two feet. All diatoms are enclosed by a frustule that is made up of two valves fitted together by a connective zone called a girdle. Growth occurs by ordinary mitotic cell division as well as through the formation of an auxospore by sexual reproduction.

Euglenas are unicellular organisms, commonly identified by having two flagella and a photoreceptor called and eyespot. Most have chloroplasts, but not all. Euglena's plasma membrane is surrounded by a flexible layer known as the pelicle which can flex to allow for movement.

Cellular slime molds are a very odd class of creatures, neither animal nor plant, which spend most of their life as separate cells, roaming through the soils and leaf-litter of forests. When their food grows scarce, they agglomerate into a single ``colonial'' organism, rather resembling an amoeba, which feeds for a while before fixing itself in place and growing a stalk, with so-called ``fruiting bodies,'' from which spores are released, the only phase of the life-cycle in which there is any specialization of cells